The Determinants of Innovation In SMEs: Proposal for a Conceptual Model

Abstract

Abstract

    Innovation is recognized as a central pillar of economic growth and business competitiveness. It manifests in various forms, whether technological, organizational, process-based, or commercial. According to classical theories initiated by Schumpeter and enriched by evolutionary and institutional approaches, innovation results from a complex dynamic involving both internal and external interactions. Internal factors include employee creativity, financial and technological resources, and organizational strategy. At the same time, the external environment plays a decisive role through collaborations with partners, institutional support, and territorial dynamics such as clusters and industrial districts. These dimensions show that innovation goes beyond the individual framework of the company to become a systemic phenomenon where the ability to absorb and integrate new knowledge is crucial.

     This work aims to structure and analyze the multiple determinants of innovation by proposing a detailed conceptual model. This model contributes to the development of organizational strategies and public policies that enable businesses to strengthen their innovation capacity and adapt to market transformations. Thus, this research plays a strategic role in providing an analytical framework to stimulate innovation and foster sustainable, competitive growth.

Keywords : Innovation, internal determinants, external determinants, conceptual model.